This symposium presents research on the potential of land-use interventions to achieve peacebuilding and environmental conservation objectives in rural areas of Colombia emerging from conflict and experiencing deforestation. We analyze how peacebuilding is fostered through agricultural interventions that reduce land-based Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, conserve forests, restore degraded landscapes, and improve rural livelihoods. We explain why Sustainable Land-Use Systems (SLUS) for cocoa cropping systems and cattle production systems are expected to contribute to Colombia's REDD+, NDCs and peacebuilding processes and explain how they can be tailored to specific contexts. Results are presented from case studies of smallholders in priority areas for landscape restoration and carbon sequestration located in territories affected by the armed conflict. Our results suggest that SLUS are promising approaches for addressing climate change, taking mitigation measures, improving ecological conditions and rural livelihoods, and creating collaboration between diverse actors. This is particularly important in regions emerging from conflict, where land-use practices can involve the production of illicit crops, livelihoods are vulnerable, and control and assistance by authorities are hindered and where land tenure system is constricted (e.g., Land speculation, land grabbing, land dispossession). Through this research, we explore the different ways SLUS can contribute to positive peacebuilding. This includes (1) diversification of livelihoods and knowledge networking, which can help alleviate poverty and build resilience to climate shocks; (2) reduction of pollution and land degradation, which can ameliorate environmental violence; (3) Increase yields, on-farm jobs, and farm income, which can improve the agricultural production effectiveness. The results could apply to similar areas globally where there are vulnerable households producing crops used for illicit trade.